A DOCTOR STORY

What is impossible is hard to say! Rose is a beautiful 22-year-old girl. Rose needs to use Anti-Cancer drugs. The drug used in a chemotherapy regimen works by complexing with iron and oxygen to promote DNA strand breaks. Rose must be closely monitored on this medicine due to pulmonary side effects. Can you guess, In what phase of the cell cycle this drug works?

What phase (?) period of rapid cell growth and protein synthesis during which the cell prepare itself for mitosis?

What are anti-cancer drugs supposed to learn in order to help Rose?

When examined in-depth, anticancer drugs' ototoxic actions follow first-order kinetics: they kill a fixed percentage of tumor cells, rather than a fixed number one rationale for drug combination. In terms of growth fraction, ototoxic drugs are more effective against tumors that have a high percentage of actively dividing growth. For instance, in the case of bone marrow, Normal cells with a high growth fraction are more sensitive to anticancer drugs as well.

Note: Bone Marrow - The spongy substance found in the center of the bones is called bone marrow. It generates bone marrow stem cells and other substances, which are then converted into blood cells. Each type of blood cell produced by bone marrow serves an important purpose. Red blood cells transport oxygen to tissues throughout the body.

Treatment with a CCNS medicine is frequently followed by treatment with a CCS agent, in order to bring cancer cells into the cell cycle, where CCS therapies can be more effective.

What is CCS - Cell-Cycle Specificity?

Cell-cycle-specific drugs are more successful in cancers with a high growth fraction because they target specific phases of the cell cycle. For instance, A successful method to developing antileukemic treatments has been to target the leukemia growth cycle. Cell-cycle nonspecific drugs can be employed in cancers with a low growth fraction as well as tumors with a high growth fraction.

Characteristics of Cancer Drugs in Brief

The drug All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) which uses for Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), M3, and side effects is "Differentiation syndrome" with respiratory distress, pleural and pericardial effusions, CNS symptoms.

The drug Bleomycin (CCS) which uses for Hodgkin, testicular, head, neck, skin cancer, and side effects are Pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis.

The drug Cyclophosphamide which uses for non-Hodgkin, ovarian, Breast cancer, neuroblastoma, and side effects are BMS, hemorrhagic cystitis (mesna, traps acrolein, and is protective).

The drug Cisplatin which uses for Testicular. Ovarian. bladder, lung cancer, and side effects are Nephrotoxicity (use amifostine); neurotoxicity (deafness).

The drug Procarbazine which uses for Hodgkin and its side effects are BMS, leukemogenic ( promoting the development of leukemia).

The drug Methotrexate (CCS) which uses for Leukemias, lymphomas, breast cancer; rheumatoid

arthritis. Psoriasis and side effects are BMS, leucovorin (folinic acid) rescue.

The drug 5-Fluorouracil (CCS) Capecitabine (oral) which uses for Breast, ovarian, head, and neck cancer—topical for basal cell cancer and keratoses; colorectal cancer and side effects are BMS.

The drug 6-Mercaptopurine (CCS) which uses for Acute lymphocytic leukemia; immunosuppression and side effects is BMS.

The drug Vinblastine (CCS) Vincristine which uses for Vinblastine—Hodgkin, testicular cancer, Kaposi Vincristine—Hodgkin. leukemia. Wilms and side effects are BMS and Neurotoxicity.

Note:- Bone marrow suppression (BMS) occurs when the marrow produces fewer blood cells. It can result in a reduction in red and white blood cells, as well as platelets.

Short Note on Cell Cycle Specificity (CCS) – Anticancer Drug

S phase-specific – cytarabine, 6-mercaptopurine, 6-thioguanine, 5-fluorouracil, Methotrexate, Hydroxyurea, Irinotecan, Etoposide.

G2 Phase – Bleomycin

M phase – Vinblastine, Paclitaxel, Vincristine.

Non Cell Cycle specific - Alkylating agents, Antitumor antibiotics, Nitrosoureas.

The fact of the matter

Knowing which anticancer medicines are cell-cycle specific and which have distinct toxicity is beneficial. Bleomycin increases DNA strand breaks by forming a combination of iron and oxygen. Its major Side effects are pulmonary toxicities including pneumonitis and fibrosis.

Again, Rose must be closely monitored on this medicine due to pulmonary side effects. Can you guess, In what phase of the cell cycle does this drug works?

It primarily operates during the G2 phase of the cell cycle.

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